Hospitality management program evaluations: Bases for curriculum enhancement

Global standards in Hospitality Management in terms of academic learning and practical skills are very stiff competition in the industry. Interns' level of performance due to the individual KSA (Knowledge, Skill


Introduction
An internship is a necessary form of learning in which industrial trainees benefit from supervised learning experience to excel their practical knowledge in a specified area. This actual practical work experience is necessary along with classroom learning as it helps in the overall acquisition of essential traits in higher education (Patton;Dial, 1988;Kuh, 2008). According to Mccleland (2002), training changes an individual working in the organization. The process provides individuals with the knowledge and skills required for the operation set by the management (Sommerville, 2007). As perceived, this Educational training program is a significant factor in developing competencies needed by the industry.
There are three stakeholders of internship are the academic Scholars, the students, and the Industry (Chen; Shen, 2012). Wen (2010) he studied various characteristics of the students, resulting in the successful competition of the industrial training program with the different organizations. Multiple factors related to individuals contribute to the successful competition of the industrial training factors such as Self initiative, the right attitude, and academic preparedness of the students are instrumental in the successful competition of the industrial training program. Furthermore, the trainees who have basic knowledge about their field and their technical area.
This Training is advantageous for both the students and the hotel as it helps the student gain practical knowledge and simultaneously helps the hotel identifies the prospective employees. The individual factor is one of the crucial vital areas.Individual factors or characteristics such as academic knowledge, skills, and attitude are essential for completing the industrial training program. The personal qualities of the individual have a significant impact on the performance of the individual during the Training may have a good amount of result in the performance of the individual qualities such as positive attitude, right approach, and accountability towards their works shows the positive results regarding the industrial training satisfaction.
A properly trained individual with the application of set standard operating procedure handles the operation with self-confidence in performing a task related to the job as the individual knows the. It enables the Trainee to pursue the task given most efficiently and effectively. During the the operation, trainees are required a lesser amount of supervision and make the best use of the available resources, which helps the organization run economically.
A trainee will follow standard operating procedures that require a significant amount of involvement and practice from the individuals, which is helpful for the students once they start employment with the reputed hotel organization. This allows Trainee in various ways to acquire adequate knowledge and skills that provide confidence to the employee once the trainee follows the Standard Operating Procedure; also, a related issue of continuing concern is educational preparation related to industry work. It reduces the chance of accidents and damages to the equipment used in hotels, which economically benefits hotels.
An educational opportunity on current foodservice problems identifies its crucial role in bridging the gaps between workforce requirements and the present acquired skills. The worldwide problem of tourism and hospitality industries have been confronted with the attracting and retaining employees, which has led to a war of talents employees to staff the ever-growing number of hospitality businesses (Baum, 2006;Richardson, 2010). The educational quality in higher education institutions in the country is one of the fundamental goals for national development. Industrial Training in the students' curriculum is a bridge for classroom learning to acquire professional practice (Baird,1996). Further, it examines the role of these structured questions asked factors 12 criteria are to the 66 respondents who have completed their industrial Training from various reputed brand hotels. The survey's findings were analyzed using Likert 5-point scale.
This Study aimed to assess the level of performance of the interns as a result of the individual KSA (Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude) evaluation of CTU-Main Hospitality Management interns. Specifically, this paper has the following objective: (1) To determine the Hospitality Management students' Individual knowledge, skills, and attitude (2) To propose a curriculum enhancement plan for the performance development of the interns.
A review of the literature was done referring to various studies related to the research context. This Study was quantitative, and the Entire work focused on finding the role of individual factors and determining multiple individual factors that assist students in deciding the internship satisfaction of hospitality students. A questionnaire was circulated to the 66 students of hospitality courses.

Research design
A career is as a lifelong process of work-related experience (Hall, 2002), and its development is an ongoing stage characterized by unique concerns, themes, and tasks (Greenhaus et al., 2015). Industrial Training is an essential domain of the academic curriculum for Hospitality Management students across the globe. Students tend to enhance their practical skills and implement their theoretical knowledge during the tenure of industrial Training. Hence, this area is crucial in improving the practical skills of the students. Different students have different learning abilities.
These abilities depend on individual factors such as their academic knowledge, Skills and right Attitude towards work, and students' self-confidence. Significantly less research has been done to study and identify the factors of an individual that determine the industrial training satisfaction of the students of hotel management. The research paper uses the quantitative method. It examines the Hospitality Management students' Individual knowledge, skills, and attitude and propose a curriculum enhancement plan for the performance development of the interns. The discussion and suggestions concerning the findings are shared.

Data collection
Primary and Secondary data are instrumental in this research study gathered from Hospitality Management students of Cebu Technological University-Main Campus. This Structure questionnaire has 12 well-framed criteria with particular questions asked to the students focusing on the role of individual factors in terms of KSA (Knowledge, Skill, and Attitude) on their internship and various personal skills needed to be enhanced. This was collected from the students who have concluded their internship training from different reputed hotels -the Secondary data used for the research paper comprised considerable research, including significant research papers.

Results and Discussion
In Table 1 shows that among the 66 respondents. This table illustrates the descriptive analysis of the first section of the questionnaire, which presents the general information about the internship. The respondents were students of Cebu Technological University-Main Campus S.Y. 1st Semester 2020-2021. As shown in Table 1, out of the 66 respondents, 15 are Males, and 51 are females.      The evaluations provide information about students' knowledge, skills, attitudes, and perspectives on coursework, activities, and suggested curriculum changes. Integrating program and internship assessment is appropriate since internships are part of the program, and participants in the evaluations are readily available. Securing similar information once the students graduate and relocate is difficult.
By asking the Respondents which necessary additional skill, they would like to enhance in order to be ready for Industry internship of Hospitality Management students for the cake and pastry in dressing a cake (31%) or 15 students and in Making a cake (69%) or 34 students as shown in the (Figure 1).

Conclusions
It reveals that an interaction that influence the individual factors is essential in shaping student expectations of the internship. Individual and organizational factors regarded as influencers on interns' experience, training factors about the transition of environment that regulate interns' experience and characteristics serve as mediators to the internship experience.
The design of internship programs as the specificities of the Industry in question need to be considered. The future on hospitality education will be preoccupied with the effect of industry dynamics and evolve parallel to a rapidly changing environment. Further research is required to examine the impact of the employment outcomes needed of the Industry's labor force and consider employment outcomes by comparing and contrasting internships in various organizations and industry sectors.
According to Crawford & Wang's, (2016) argument that internships impact home and international students differently and proposes incorporating intercultural dimensions in the curriculum. Intercultural internship programs may contribute to higher education's potential for a collective transformation of society. Given the migration problem reported in Western Europe (Farmaki;Christou, 2018), further research to illuminate intercultural curriculum aspects.
It highlights the need for curricula in general and internships, to address issues of gender bias by considering the structures and practices that contribute to the development of gender inequalities. Knowledge derived from research of gender-based internship experiences, particularly in industries where dispositions of gendered habitus are noticed, can contribute to eliminating gender segregation within and beyond the university sphere.

Recommendations
The Hospitality Management (HM) of CTU-Main Campus can continue implementing the existing activities to deploy interns to different establishments such as Career Development Plan Seminar, Personality Development Seminar, English proficiency Seminar, etc. Pre-Internship Seminar and Orientation. The HM Department continues its mission to provide quality education by constantly updating the course syllabus by providing necessary training and seminars to hospitality professors and continuously implementing the Outcomes-Based Curriculum.
The university can upgrade the quality of facilities and laboratories to constantly enhance the students' knowledge, skills, and attitude necessary to have future work assignments. Internships are a vital part of many academic programs and play an important role in students' transition from college to work environment transition. The proposed training plan may enhance the students' knowledge, skills, and values to prepare them for a more holistic approach to employment. Future studies are needed to conduct to confirm the results of this study further.

Acknowledgments
Thanks to the hospitality management department and College of Management and Entrepreneurship at Cebu Technological University, Cebu, Philippines.